Molecular analysis of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in refrigerated raw milk and geospatial distribution in Brazilian small farms

Authors

  • Marcela Alexandrino Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8968-7694
  • Lívia Vieira Gardi Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7033-7325
  • Amanda Bezerra Bertolini Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1575-6770
  • Ana Paula Flaminio Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7782-2163
  • Amanda Corvino Valim Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4477-6949
  • Laís Pereira da Silva Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8804-3813
  • Bruna dos Santos Leite Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3138-8887
  • Marcos Vinícius Rangel Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Department of Tropical Diseases and Image Diagnosis, Medical College, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8191-2268
  • Isabella Neves Aires Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Department of Tropical Diseases and Image Diagnosis, Medical College, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5285-3150
  • Beatriz Januário Alencar Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0966-4367
  • Thainá Valente Bertozzo Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7971-2021
  • Vera Cláudia Lorenzetti Magalhães Curci Biological Institute, Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios, Secretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento do Estado de São Paulo, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3393-0493
  • Katia Denise Saraiva Bresciani Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8767-8855
  • Juliano Gonçalves Pereira Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8713-7506
  • Antonio Carlos Paes Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7774-927X
  • Simone Baldini Lucheis Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4842-5281

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5327/fst.484

Keywords:

Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, bulk tank milk, bovine, molecular, PCR, DNA

Abstract

This study reports the investigation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis in 102 milk samples from lactating cows, collected directly from cooling tanks of small family farms located in eight municipalities in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Conventional polymerase chain reaction and real-time polymerase chain reaction techniques were used, as well as spatial analysis. All milk samples tested were negative for M. tuberculosis and M. bovis. Nevertheless, constant epidemiological surveillance of these pathogens is important because raw milk is still widely consumed and has great infectious potential, besides its use in the production of dairy products such as cheese and butter, which are important sources of income for small producers, thus posing risks to public health and farmers’ income.

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Published

2025-08-27

How to Cite

Alexandrino, M., Gardi, L. V., Bertolini, A. B., Flaminio, A. P., Valim, A. C., Silva, L. P. da, Leite, B. dos S., Rangel, M. V., Aires, I. N., Alencar, B. J., Bertozzo, T. V., Curci, V. C. L. M., Bresciani, K. D. S., Pereira, J. G., Paes, A. C., & Lucheis, S. B. (2025). Molecular analysis of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in refrigerated raw milk and geospatial distribution in Brazilian small farms. Food Science and Technology, 45. https://doi.org/10.5327/fst.484

Issue

Vol. 45 (2025)

Section

Original Articles