Iron and zinc in commercial and biofortified whole cowpea flours and in akaras
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5327/fst.00400%20Palavras-chave:
biofortification, iron and zinc, commercial and biofortified cowpea flours, akaraResumo
Cowpea bean is a legume highly consumed in Brazil, mainly in the North and Northeast regions, and is considered an excellent source of protein, iron, and zinc. The deficiency of these micronutrients mainly affects children and women from developing countries. Biofortification of cowpea grains has been applied to produce foods with high nutritional content, and its flour is used in different types of preparations, mainly to obtain akara. The objective of the study was to evaluate the iron and zinc contents of three biofortified grains and one commercial sample, the flours, and the akaras. The cultivar biofortified cowpea cultivars (BRS Xiquexique, BRS Tumucumaque, and BRS Aracê) cultivated at Embrapa, Meio, Norte, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil were used for the experiments. A commercial sample was used as a control. Iron and zinc analyses were carried out by Atomic Emission Spectrometry, with an inductively coupled plasma source (ICP). All experiments were performed in three replications for each sample. The results were evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA), in a completely randomized design, to assess the presence of a significant effect (p ≤ 0.05). The Tukey test was used to determine the differences among the averages. Although there were significant differences among the cultivars of iron and zinc, the ratio between iron and zinc was 2.08. BRS Xiquexique stood out among them, as did the akara formulation. All the results revealed that biofortified cowpea cultivars would be a viable alternative for enriching foods and obtaining akara with high nutritional value and other products.
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